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In project management, float or slack is the amount of time that a task in a project network can be delayed without causing a delay to: * subsequent tasks ("''free float''") * project completion date ("''total float''"). An activity on the critical path has 'free float' if delaying its completion will not delay the next sequential task. An activity on the critical path has 'total float' if delaying its completion will not delay completion of the project. A critical path may have 'unused time' expressed as total float. For example, a project to measure seasonal variation in sunrise would take a one-minute measurement every day, followed by 23 hours and 59 minutes of total float. Sunrise is on the critical path and there is no way to schedule around it. ''Total float'' is associated with the path. If a project network chart/diagram has 4 non-critical paths then that project would have 4 ''total float'' values. The ''total float'' of a path is the combined ''free float'' values of all activities in a path. The ''total float'' represents the schedule flexibility and can also be measured by subtracting early start dates from late finish dates of path completion. Float is core to critical path method, with the total floats of noncritical activities key to computing the critical path drag of an activity, i.e., the amount of time it is adding to the project's duration.〔 * 〕 ==Example== Consider the process of replacing a broken pane of glass in the window of your home. There are various component activities involved in the project as a whole; obtaining the glass and putty, installing the new glass, choosing the paint, obtaining a tin once it has set, wiping the new glass free of finger smears etc. Some of these activities can run concurrently e.g. obtaining the glass, obtaining the putty, choosing the paint etc., while others are consecutive e.g. the paint cannot be bought until it has been chosen, the new window cannot be painted until the window is installed and the new putty has set. Delaying the acquisition of the glass is likely to delay the entire project - this activity will be on the critical path and have no float, of any sort, attached to it and hence it is a 'critical activity'. A relatively short delay in the purchase of the paint may not automatically hold up the entire project as there is still some waiting time for the new putty to dry before it can be painted anyway - there will be some 'free float' attached to the activity of purchasing the paint and hence it is not a critical activity. However a delay in choosing the paint in turn inevitably delays buying the paint which, although it may not subsequently mean any delay to the entire project, does mean that choosing the paint has no 'free float' attached to it - despite having no free float of its own the choosing of the paint is involved with a path through the network which does have 'total float'. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Float (project management)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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